What is Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is lower gastrointestinal tract endoscopy in which inside that is mucosa of the large intestine (Colon & Rectum) is examined. It is used to evaluate GI symptoms such as rectal bleeding, chronic diarrhoea and altered bowel habits. During the procedure a flexible tube called as colonoscope which has a tiny video camera at the tip is inserted into the rectum and the doctor view the inside of the entire colon
Indications for Colonoscopy
Colon Cancer Screening: For average risk patients for colon cancer, colonoscopy is done starting from age of 50 year and after 10 year thereafter for early detection of colon cancer
For Evaluation of intestinal symptoms and signs such as rectal bleeding, chronic diarrhoea, chronic constipation
Preparation for Colonoscopy
It is important to clean out or empty the colon as any residue may obscure the view of rectum and colon. Patient is asked to have clear liquid diet one day prior to procedure. Laxative in the form of solution in the evening a day before procedure to empty the large bowel
Complications
Perforation: Most serious complication which may be life threatening and in 80% of cases require immediate surgery for perforation repair.
Bleeding: Generally occur during therapeutic procedures such as polypectomy. It may be treated during the procedure itself by cauterization. Patient may require surgery if not controlled endoscopically
Day After Colonoscopy
Patient may feel bloating and abdomen fullness during first few hours after the procedure. Better not to drive himself after the procedure.It is expected a full recovery by the next day, if not so doctor should be consulted
Cost
Cost varies from one institute to other and also vary whether diagnostic or therapeutic procedure is done. It vary from RS 5000 to Rs 15,000