Antegrade mechanism Retrograde mechanism 50% antegrade and 50% retrograde mechanism 70% antegrade and 30% retrograde mechanism Answer is Retrograde Mechanism
USG Whole abdomen Repeat serum amylase and lipase level after 12 hrs Repeat serum amylase and lipase level after 24 hrs CECT whole abdomen
Upper GI Endoscopy Colonoscopy Conventional Angiography CT Angiography
Urgent upper GI endoscopy Urgent colonoscopy Upper GI endoscopy Colonoscopy
Recurrent bleeding incidence is low so nothing to be done Recurrent bleeding incidence is low but still require colonic resection Recurrent bleeding incidence is high but still nothing to be done as high risk for surgery Recurrent bleeding incidence is high require colonic resection
Variceal bleed is most common cause variceal bleed is most common cause, variceal bleed medical therapy should be started before endoscopy Non-variceal bleed is most common cause, no variceal bleed medical therapy should be started before endoscopy Non-variceal bleed is most common cause, still variceal bleed medical therapy should be started even before endoscopy
Lack of peristalsis of esophageal body
Impaired LES relaxation
Impaired LES relaxation with swallowing
Hypertensive LES
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